The Nexus of Non-traditional Security and Nuclear Risk: Implications for EU Foreign Policy in the Indo–Pacific


The updated European Union (EU) Indo–Pacific Strategy does not fully address the significant nuclear escalation risks among the Indo–Pacific region’s nuclear-armed states, which could stem from both traditional and non-traditional security issues. Among other things, this paper proposes that the EU should incorporate non-traditional security risk reduction measures into its Indo–Pacific Strategy, alongside traditional nuclear risk reduction efforts.